Cathodoluminescence is a new kind of non-destructive method for revealing the structure of jadeite, and comprehensive utilization of the cathodoluminescence color and its structural characteristics is employed in the identification of jadeite. Based on the cathodoluminescence experiments on a number of jadeites and other jades, the authors observed the different types of jadeite, the treating jadeite products as well as other jades similar to jadeite in such aspects as fluorescence color, luminous intensity, band features, particle morphology and fracture conditions to identify the jadeite, the treating jadeite and other jades. At the same time, cathodoluminescence characteristics of different types of jadeite can provide the basis for the division of quality, color, and other properties of jadeite.