Microscope, LA-ICP-MS, UV-Vis and other observational methods were used to perform the comparative analysis of conventional gemology, inclusions, chemical element content and spectral features of rubies from Burma and Mozambique. The results show that Burmese rubies exhibit strong red fluorescence under UV fluorescent light. They contain short needle-like rutiles, which are arranged at an angle of 60° with each other, and "syrup-like" structures. With the elemental features of low Fe, high V and high Ga, the UV-Vis absorption edge is smaller than 320 nm and the fluorescence at 694 nm is strong. Mozambique rubies have weak fluorescence under UV fluorescent light. Their characteristic inclusions are twin planes, disordered arrangement of rutile and amphibole crystals. With the elemental features of high Fe, low V and low Ga, UV absorption edge of Mozambique rubies is about 350 nm. The above properties can be used as original identification features of rubies from Burma and Mozambique.