Laos Northern Yellow Stone is bright yellow to dark brown in color, and the color distribution is uneven. Short thin turnip grains and wave-like texture are commonly seen. It has certain similarities with the appearance characteristics of Tian Huang in Chinese seal stone. In this paper, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy (LRM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA), Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and whole-iron chemical analysis were used to study the mineral composition and trace element characteristics of Laos Northern Yellow Stone. According to the results of X-ray powder diffraction test and FTIR test, Laos Northern Yellow Stone is usually composed of pure dickite, which is disordered dickite. The Raman spectroscopic test shows that other minerals contained in Laos Northern Yellow Stone include barite, anatase, diaspore and hematite, in the form of impure minerals. The micromorphology of Laos Northern Yellow Stone observed by SEM indicates that the dickite in Laos Northern Yellow Stone is arranged in plate shape with a flat and sharp edge as well as a smooth surface. The turnip vein is mainly in the form of dendritic and short veins in the substrate of Laos Northern Yellow Stone. EPMA test and whole-iron chemical analysis show that Fe³⁺ causes the yellow color of Laos Northern Yellow Stone. The iron ion content shows a trend from high to low with the color changing from dark to light. The trace elements content of Laos Northern Yellow Stone was test by LA-ICP-MS. The content of Cr, Rb and Sr in Laos Northern Yellow Stone is lower than that of Tian Huang, and the content of Ga is higher than that of Tian Huang. Discriminant analysis method can effectively distinguish these two groups of similar species from Laos and China respectively. The correctness rate of the unknown sample in Laos Northern Yellow Stone and Tian Huang can reach 92.9% and the reliability of the model is high. According to the rare earth element distribution pattern, it is easy to distinguish Laos Northern Yellow Stone from Tian Huang.