Using conventional gemmological instruments along with electron probe microanalysis, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and ultraviolet visible spectroscopy, the samples of yellow and brown tremolite jade were studied, discussing the causes and differences of coloration elements in different dark and light samples. The main reasons for the coloration of yellow tremolite jade are the charge transfer transition of O^2-→Fe³⁺and the ⁶A₁→⁴T₂(D) transition of Fe³⁺, while the coloration of brown tremolite jade is mainly caused by ⁶A₁→⁴E(D) and ⁶A₁→⁴T₂(D) transitions of Fe³⁺ and Jahn-Teller effect of Mn³⁺ ions. The charge transfer transition of O^2-→Fe³⁺ in yellow tremolite jade leads to the absorption at 412~500 nm in the visible region, which is an important factor for forming and controlling the color of yellow tremolite jade, while the yellow green light absorption caused by Mn³⁺ in brown tremolite jade shows the complementary color of yellow green. In addition, the charge transfer of Fe²⁺-Fe³⁺ and Fe²⁺(⁵T₂)+Fe³⁺(⁶A₁)→Fe²⁺(⁵E)+Fe³⁺(⁶A₁) are also part of the reasons for the coloration of brown and yellow tremolite jade.