The Guandu Group, which has undergone high greenschist to high amphibolite facies metamorphism, is an important meta-volcanic and meta-sedimentary rock sequence in the Zanhuang Complex of the Trans-North China Orogen, North China Craton. Depositional age and provenance of the Guandu Group are vital for understanding the Neoarchean-Paleoproterozoic tectonic evolution of the Trans-North China Orogen. In this study, LA-MC-ICP-MS (laser ablation multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) and TIMA (tescan inergrated mineral analyser) were used to analyze mineral inclusions, U-Pb-Hf isotope and rare earth element compositions of zircons in the biotite leptynite and quartzite in the Guandu Group. Based on the mineral inclusions, internal structure, and U-Pb ages of zircons, the concordant ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb age of 2 544 Ma or 2 536 Ma in the youngest group of detrital zircons is chosen as the maximal depositional timing of the Guandu Group. Combined with the geological relationship which the Guandu Group was intruded by the Huangcha granites, it is speculated that the depositional age of the Guandu Group wasn’t Paleoproterozoic but late Neoarchean. Detrital zircon age patterns from the biotite leptynite and quartzite samples are similar and are characterized by the major peak of 2 512 Ma. Combined with the mineral inclusions and internal structure of the detrital zircons, it is suggested that the main provenance of the Guandu Group is the late Neoarchean intermediate-acid magmatic rocks. Two stage Hf isotopic model ages of detrital zircon reveals that the intensive crustal growth in the Zanhuang Complex was concentrated from 2 850 Ma to 2 700 Ma. In addition, the new and published data from the Trans-North China Orogen reveal that the zircons in the Guandu Group recorded the consistent metamorphic age of ca. 2 500 Ma, similar to other complexes in the Trans-North China Orogen, indicating that the Trans-North China Orogen also experienced an intense regional metamorphism in ca. 2 500 Ma, which may be related to the late Neoarchean initial cratonization of the North China Craton.