Natural pyrite has strong treatment capacity for Cr(Ⅵ). In this study, a natural lead-bearing pyrite sample from Shiyan, Hubei Province was selected to treat the Cr(Ⅵ)-containing wastewater. The structure and composition of the sample were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, and the influencing factors of Cr(Ⅵ) removal reaction were investigated. The results show that the natural lead-bearing pyrite sample has a good ability to remove Cr(Ⅵ), and the removal rate of Cr(Ⅵ) wastewater with a concentration of 50 mg/L is 95%~99%. The effects of pyrite particle size, reaction time and pH value on the treatment of Cr(Ⅵ)-containing wastewater were systematically studied. It was found that Cr(Ⅵ) was mainly adsorbed on the surface of pyrite particles to form flocculent substances. The results of SEM and XRD analysis of the products after the reaction showed that the flocculent substances was needle crocoite containing chromium and lead elements, which had further research significance for the use of secondary mineral precipitation as a new method for chromium removal.