It is of important environmental significance to study the mineralogical characteristics of atmospheric dust. Taking the samples collected from the campus of North China University of Science and Technology as an example, the mineralogical characteristics of atmospheric dust in Caofeidian area, Tangshan City, Hebei Province, were preliminarily analyzed and characterized by laser particle size analyzer, scanning electron microscope, X-ray powder diffraction and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The results show that the atmospheric dust is relatively coarse, and the particles include massive, columnar, flaky, spherical and irregular granular aggregates, which are mainly composed of quartz, feldspar, gypsum, mica, chlorite, hornblende, dolomite, calcite and hematite. The contents of heavy metal elements such as Cr, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb in atmospheric dust samples are relatively high. The research and analysis show that silicate minerals in dust samples mainly come from fugitive dust, while carbonate minerals such as gypsum and calcite may be secondary minerals in the environment. The heavy metal in the samples mainly comes from coal combustion, the emissions of industrial enterprises and a small amount of automobile exhaust emissions.