Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) technology has emerged as one of the pivotal analytical tech-niques in structural geology, particularly in the fields of microstructural analysis and rheological studies. Over the past two decades, this technology has made significant advancements, with sample scanning speeds multiplying, identification accuracy greatly improving, and data processing methods becoming increasingly diverse. Consequently, EBSD’s capability for microstructural analyses of geological samples has been increasingly enhanced, and its application in geological research has become more profound and widespread. Traditional EBSD technology can provide basic crystallographic information such as grain size, crystal orientation, and grain boundary distribution. With the rapid development of high-resolution EBSD technology, it has been widely applied to identify intragranular strain in crystals and to efficiently obtain additional key parameters on a large scale, such as Kikuchi band contrast and so on. The realization of three-dimensional expression of EBSD data, along with the integration of data together with other analyses methods, has significantly expanded the application prospects of this technology in geological studies. Since its establishment, the EBSD facility at the Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics of Ministry of Natural Resources, has accumulated extensive testing experience, sample preparation techniques, and data processing methods over more than two decades. Based on this foundation, combined with previous research, this paper systematically reviews the latest advancements in the testing principles, technical developments, sample preparation techniques, data acquisition, and processing methods of EBSD. In addition, it highlights several typical cases of EBSD applications in geological research in recent years to more intuitively showcase the advancement of EBSD technology. It not only constructed a methodological system for multi-scale structural analysis, but also provided crucial experimental evidence for revealing the stratification of continental rheology, the mechanism of deep deformation and the process of tectonic evolution.