Natural pink diamonds have attracted significant attention due to their stunning color, complex geological background, and extreme rarity. Their main coloration mechanisms include the 550 nm absorption band (accounting for approximately 99%) and NV color centers (accounting for approximately 0.6%). The former is found in Type Ⅰa and Ⅱa diamonds, while the latter only exists in Type Ⅱa diamonds. Currently, there is no artificial method capable of simulating natural plastic deformation to introduce the 550 nm absorption band. However, NV color centers can be introduced through multi-stage treatments including HPHT, irradiation and annealing, which are used for color modification of natural diamonds (predominantly Type Ⅰa, supplemented by Type Ⅱa) and synthetic diamonds (Type Ⅰb-Ⅱa and Type Ⅱa). Additionally, NVH and SiV color centers are also found in some chemical vapor deposition (CVD) synthetic diamonds. This paper systematically compares the gemological and spectroscopic characteristics of natural pink diamonds, treated natural diamonds, and synthetic diamonds (produced by CVD or HPHT methods), and proposes a rapid identification method based on ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and infraredspectroscopy (IR). Furthermore, comprehensive identification of pink diamonds is achieved by combining photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) and DiamondView.