Fiber dusts of three different areas were analyzed by XRF, and the reaction between samples and lysozyme was conducted. The results show that lysozyme reacted with the active substances in the samples. The study of simulated ions reveals that the reaction between lysozyme and element ions SiO2-3 in the samples was most prominent at 37℃. In UV-Vis spectra the absorption was strengthened and the maximum absorption peak red shifted 10 nm. In fluorescent spectra the maximum fluorescence intensity appeared at λem 440 nm and the fluorescence peak red shifted 20 nm. The reacting mechanism and combining sites are also discussed in this paper.