Lithium is an important strategic metal mineral, and spodumene granite pegmatite is an important source of lithium ore resources. Recently, the spodumene granite pegmatite group has been newly discovered in Chaka Mt area of the northern margin of Qaidam. This paper determines the mineral formation, evolution and mineralization age of spodumene granite pegmatites through petrography, mineralogy and chronology. The spodumene granite pegmatite has two phases of mineral assemblages. In the early stage, there were spodumene, coarse-grained potassium feldspar, coarse-grained muscovite, coarse-grained plagioclase, coarse-grained quartz, and coltan, which belonged to the product of melt crystallization stage. The late stage is composed of cookeite, Li-rich mica, wormlike spodumene and fine allomorphic quartz, which is the product of post magmatic hydrothermal metasomatism. It is a post-magmatic metasomatism product. Therefore, it can be concluded that there are two stages of lithium mineralization, and the local alteration of spodumene in the early stage and the formation of lithium minerals in the later stage indicate that there is a process of lithium activation and reprecipitation in the system. The coltan associated with spodumene gives a U-Pb age of 241.0 ± 1.3 Ma, indicating that the melt crystallization age of the spodumene granite pegmatite, that is, the age of early lithium mineralization, is an Indosinian product.